Telegraph system and apparatus



Jan. 16, 1940; P. 1.. MYER ET A1. 2,187,360

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM AND APPARATUS Filed March 6, 1936 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG!2.1 WORD SPACING START SHIFT-SPACING TAPE STEPPI INVENTORS P. L. MYER BYE.R.WHEELER ATT afi Jan.16 ,1940. LMYER HAL 2,187,360

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM AND APPARATUS 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 6, 1936 FIG.2.

AT RNEY I nteted Jan 16, 1940 srA'rss A it my ais'zzeeo TELEGRAPHsys'rEM AND APP t: ri'rlos Application March ii, 19%, Serial l lo.d'hddd 2% Claims,

This invention relates to telegraph systems and particularly to codetransmitters and to systems and apparatus for converting uniformpermutation. code telegraph signals into Morse or other 4% code signalsof unequal length.

In market quotation system utilizing permutation code controlledself-winding or high speed tickers, the quotations received are usuallyposted on a blackboard in a brokers oflice. Ordinarily the tape bearingthe printed quotations is read by an attendant and the quotations postedon the blackboard. In order to avoid the necessity for reading the tapeby the attendant, in accordance with the invention the permutation codeprinter signals are converted into audible Morse code signals, forexample, in order that an attendant who understands the Morse code maytranscribe the quotations directly and without leaving or looking awayfrom the blackboard. It is to be understood that any reference to theMorse code herein is intended to include other equivalent codes.

The printer signals for operating the tickers are transmitted at highspeed although the groups of signals forming individual quotations maybe so spaced that the average rate of transmission does not exceed. thecapacity of the operator or attendant A further object of the invention,therefore, is to provide means for transmitting Morse code signals at asteady predetermined rate controlled by printer signals received at adiderent rate. Obviously, the invention is not limited to thetransmission of market or other quotations but is applicable todifferent systems involving the conversion of equal-unit permutationcode signals into Morse or other unequal-length code signals.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved tape orstorage-controlled Morse code transmitter,

A further object of the invention is to provide an automatic Morsetransmitter arranged to provide variable spacing between charactersignals and also between words and groups of character signalsrepresenting figures in order to simulate accurately the sending of anexperienced operator.

A further object of the invention is to provide a tape controlled Morsetransmitter in which the blank portions of the tape or those portionsbearing spacing characters are stepped rapidly through the tape controldevice connected to the Morse transmitter to obviate undue delay in thetrans- All mission of signals subsequently received and,

stored in the tape.

A further object of the lnvention'is to provide 55- a tape-controlledMorse transmitter in which the (Cl. ltd-3) transmission is suspended atthe end of a word or quotation when the number of signals stored in thetape drops to a predetermined point, i. e., the length of the tape whichis being led to the tape transmitter decreases so that transmission 5must be stopped until further character signals are received. lhepurpose or this arrangement is to prevent the stopping of transmissionin the middle of a word or quotation which would be undesirable in thecase of the transmission oi 1m market quotations.

A further object of the invention is to provide, in a telegraph systemhaving a signal storage unit such as a tape reperforator and asassociated transmitter controlled. thereby, means for stopis ping thetransmitter when the number of character signals stored in the storageunit drops below a predetermined number, said means being inoperativeuntil a predetermined signal is re peated by the transmitter or untilthe end of a 2Q group of character signals is reached. Thus, where thesystem is utilized for transmitting groups of signals, as words orquotations, the transmission stops only at the end of a group oicharacter signals or upon the occurrence of a 25 blank or spacing signalused to space the character signals forming a message.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear from thefollowing description of a preferred embodiment thereof.

The invention will be described in connection with a quotation systememploying tickers or other signal-receiving apparatus at the brokersomces although it may be employed in other systems wherein equal-lengthcode signals are to be con- 35 verted into Morse signals, or signalsstored in a tape are to be reproduced ,or transmitted in the form ofMorse or similar code signals.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in the accompanying drawings, aMorse transmitter 40 is provided which is adapted to send Morse codesignals under the control of an equal-unit code signal storing andsending device, such for example as a six-unit reperforator and a tapetransmitter. In accordance with the selections set up in the tapetransmitter, the Morse code transmitter is variably operated and at thecompletion of each cycle of operation of the Morse code transmitter, thetape transmitter is stepped to the next character. Thus while the tapereperforator re- .sponds to the permutation code signals at one 1transmission rate, the tape transmitter associated therewith operatesunder the control of and in accordance with the Morse codetransmitterwhich in general operates at a different rate than the I reperforator.

The Morse code transmitter comprises a series of character transmittingdrums and auxiliary drums driven by a common motor through frictionclutches. Each of the drums is provided with code rings or contactsegments and cooperating brush contacts adapted to make and break thetransmitting and control circuits upon the rotation of the respectivedrums. The character transmitting drums operate at different speeds inaccordance with the duration of the time interval necessary to send theMorse code signals for the different characters. The contact segments orcode rings for the characters requiring the same or approximately thesame time for transmission are disposed upon the same charactertransmitting drum.

The reperforator and associated tape transmitter are arranged to storeand repeat the printer signals forming market quotations. Controlapparatus is provided between the tape transmitter and the Morse codetransmitter whereby the proper circuits through the transmitter drumsfor the formation of each Morse code signal are selected under thecontrol of the tape transmitter. The character transmitting drum and thecontrol drums selected are then released and during their rotation bythe driving motor efiect the closing of the sending circuit inaccordance with the selected Morse code signal and step the tapetransmitter to prepare the apparatus for the transmission of the nextsignal. In case the reperforator is connected to a ticker circuit usedfor transmitting market quotations; the quotations will frequently bespaced by blank spaces or so-called letter dots in the tape. When thetape transmitter reaches a space containing more than one blank orletter dot, the tape transmitter is stepped rapidly without affectingthe Morse code transmitter until the next character code signal isreached in the tape. This feature obviates delay in the transmission ofthe quotations during any period when the quotations are accumulated inthe tape ahead of the tape transmitter more rapidly than they arecleared out by the Morse code transmitter.

In order to avoid a distorted and mechanical form of Morse codetransmission, the Morse code transmitter is arranged to provide variablespacing between characters such as C, O, R, Y, etc., which arecombinations of dots and spaces, and further to provide a longer spacingbetween words than between individual characters and between words orgroups of letters and groups of figures which are encountered in thetransmission of market quotations. In the transmission of these signalsand groups of signals by an experienced operator, the spacing is variedto facilitate the reading of the message and the present Morse codetransmitter is arranged to vary the spacing in a similar manner by theuse of the control drums as will be described in detail hereinafter.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of the Morse code transmitter including thecharacter transmitting drums and control drums, certain of the controlrelays being omitted;

2 and 3 are plan and front elevational views on an enlarged scale of oneof the rotary control drums shown in Fig. 1; and

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view of the circuit of the Morse codetransmitter as arranged to transmit market quotations under the controlof a reperforator and tape transmitter connected to a ticker circuit.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, the Morse code transmittercomprises a driving motor I 0 provided with an adjustable speed governorII and mounted upon a suitable base or panel I 2. A switch I3 isprovided in the circuit of the motor In which normally rotatescontinuously at constant speed dependent upon the adjustment of thegovernor H when the switch I3 is closed.

Six rotatable character transmitting drums I5, l6, l1, l8, l9 and 20,are adapted to be driven by the motor l0 through reductionspeed gearingand individual friction clutches. Two auxiliary rotatable drums 2| and22 are also provided and are similarly connected to the driving motorl0. Since all of the transmitting and control drums are driven by themotor ID, any change in the speed of the motor afiects all of the drumsequally, and the transmitting speed may be adjusted over a wide rangewithout affecting the form or spacing of the code signals. Each of saiddrums is normally restrained from rotation by stop cams 25, 26, 21, 28,29, 30, 3| and 32, respectively, the latter being controlled by latchmagnets 35, 36, 31, 38, 39, 40, 4| and 42, respectively. The cams 25,26, 21, 28, 30 and 3| are arranged to permit one complete revolution ofthe associated contact drum when released or unlatched by a momentaryenergization of the associated latch magnets. The stop cam 29 isarranged to permit the associated contact drum I9 to make one-half arevolution upon each release impulse and the stop cam 32 is arranged topermit the associated contact drum 22 to make one-quarter of arevolution upon each release impulse.

As shown, a drive shaft 45 is mounted upon the base l2 and connectedthrough reduction gearing 46 to the driving motor Ill. Reduction gearing41 is provided between the drive shaft 45 and shaft carrying thecharacter transmitting drum l5. Reduction gearing 48 is provided betweenthe drive shaft 45 and the shaft carrying the rotatable drums l6 and 2|.Reduction gearing 49 is provided between the driven shaft 45 and theshaft carrying the rotatable drum l1. Reduction gearing 5|] is providedbetween the drive shaft 45 and the shaft carrying the rotatable drumsl8, l9 and 22. Reduction gearing 5| is provided between the drive shaft45 and the shaft carrying the rotatable drum 20. As the rotatable drumsare intended to rotate at diflerent speeds because of the difference inthe lengths of the various Morse code signals, the reduction gear ratiosbetween the shaft 45 and the respective drums are selected to effect thedesired speed relation. In the embodiment shown, the charactertransmitting drum I 5 is arranged to transmit the Morse code signals forthe fractions /8. A, /2, A2. and -78. The drum must rotate slowly andthe ratio of the reduction gearing 41 may for example, be 18 to 1. Thecharacter transmitting drum I6 may be arranged to transmit the lettersA, I, N, S, which require a shorter time for transmission, and the ratioof the reduction gearing 48 may, therefore, be 4 to 1. Likewise, theratio of the reduction gearing 49 may be 5 to 1 where the drum I1 isarranged to transmit the characters D, F, H, L, N, O, U and the figure0. The ratio of the reduction gearing 50 may be 6 to 1 where the drum I8is arranged to send the characters B, C, G, K, P, Q, R, V, W, X, and thedrum l9, which makes half a revolution during each cycle,

til

til

is arranged to send the characters E and T. The ratio of the reductiongearing 5| may be 7 to 1 where the drum 201s arranged to send thecharacters J, Y, Z, 8:, and the figures 1 to 9, inclusive. it will beobvious that in case a different code is employed, the drive ratio andthe distribution of the characters on the respective drums may besimilarly arranged in accordance with the transmitting times of therespective code signals.

The Morse code transmitter further comprises control relays shown inFig. 4, which may be mounted on or adjacent the base l2, and theterminals blocks 53 and 54 (Fig. 1) to which the connections may be madefrom the tape transmitter or other control apparatus to the circuits ofthe release magnets and contact and irom the Morse code transmitter tothe Morse sending circuit. its shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the contact drumswhich are all of similar construction except ior the number andcharacter of the individual con tact segments consist oi a series ofsegments or code rings upon which a plurality of contact brushes orsprings 55 hear. The brushes or springs tilt of each contact drum aremounted upon an insulating block 56 which is carried by a tiltable frameor yoke bl, permitting adjustment oi the contact pressure between thebrushes and the contact drums. Since the construction oi the contactdrum i2 is typical oi all of the contact drums, the detailedconstruction of the other drums is not shown.

The drum it, as shown in Figs. 2 and t, is rotatably mounted upon thenorlly rotating shait til, the drum being restrained irorn rotation bythe stop cam 32 until the latching armature ti oi the latch magnet it ismomentarily withdrawn irom the cam. Upon the energizetion oi the latchmagnet t2, the contact is rotated until a shoulder of the stop cam hi is,7

again engaged by the latch iii.

till

iii)

lid

able by adjustment of the backing plate it and loclr nut ill. In thismanner the friction between the members oi the friction clutch may beadjusted as desired. It will be apparent that the specific constructionof the impulse generating drums may be widely varied without departingfrom the scope of the invention, the construction shown being merelyillustrative of a preierrecl embodiment having the advantages oi-gedness and durability such that the apparatus will operate forprolonged periods without maintenance or adjustment.

The detailed circuits of the Morse code trans-- mitter and associatedcontrol apparatus in a market quotation system are shown in Fig. d. Inthe systemillustrated a plurality of tickers it and it are connected toa permutation code transmitter 11 as inthe ordinary quotationdistributing system for handling market quotations. The tickers l5 andit may, for example, be selfwinding or high speed tickers adapted to becontrolled by six-unit start-stop printer telegraph signals, and may beof the construction shown in letters Patent No. 1,916,168 to lDirkes andWheeler, dated June 27, 1933, and assigned to The "Western UnionTelegraph Company. A reperiorator it, which may be similar to that shownin Letters Patent No. 1,931,790, to Dirlres and Kimball, dated Dctober2t, 1933, and assigned to The Western Union Telegraph Company, isconnected to the transmitter ill to store the signals to beretransmitted by the Morse code transmitter. in the system shown, thetickers it and it may be located in brokers omces where it is desired toreceive market quotations on the tape and the reperiorator it may belocated in an omce where it is desired that the attendant reoeive thequotations in the to of Morse code signals for posting the same directlyupon the blackboard or for other purposes. lhe periorated tape in whichthe signals are stored is led into an associated tape transmitter itwhich may, for example, be similar to that shown in Letters Patent No.lflildgiill to Benjamin, granted March 25, 1am, and assigned to TheWestern Union Telegraph Uompany.

e tape transmitter it comprises a plurality of contact members adaptedto be operated selectively in accordance with the periorations in thetape, and a stepping magnet ill for advancing the tape. Ubviouslyvarious types of storage transmitters may be employed to control theMorse transmitter. an autostop contact it is provided in connection withthe loop oi tape between the reperiorator it and transmitter "it, andarranged to open the associated control circult when the loop oi tape isshortened, indicating that only a predetermined number of characters isstored between the repcriorator and the transmitter.

'llhe contacts oi the transmitter lhlare conill) nected to the windingsoi siir selector relays ii,

ii, iii, h t, it and it, having their armatures and contacts connectedto form a ian circuit whereby battery potential may be applied to anyone oi the sixty-tour contacts of relay it in accordance with theselective operation of relays lllllt by the contacts oi the transmitter"it. Jilin auiriliary relay is is connected in series relation with therelay ill and becomes energised when the circuit oi relay ii is closed.The contacts of relay it areconnected to the individual segments or coderings oi the character transmitting drums of the Morse transmitter andsheet the operation of the sounder lid to reproduce Morse code signalscorresponding to the characters stored in the tape in the form ofpermutation or equal-length code signals. Other types oi receiving orrepeating apparatus may be substituted for the sounder lull ii desired.

Contact or code rings t lllit oi the transmitting drurn it are shown indeveloped form in Fig. i. ltach'or the character transmitting drums isprovided with contact rings corresponding to the rings lti, iii, lit andlit, the corresponding rings oi the drum it being indicated at ill, iii,lit and lit. The last-mentioned rings have ith bil

twice as many contact scents because the drum it only makes half arevolution during each cycle ofoperation. The contact rings M13 and EMembody segments corresponding to the Morse code signals for thecharacters I and A respectively, and each half of the contact rings H3and lit embodies segments corresponding to the Morse code signals forthe characters E and T, respectively. The other character transmittingrings on the it and on thecharacter transmitting drums I5, l1, I8 and 20are omitted from the drawing for the sake of simplicity. The contactrings I2I and I22 on the control drum 2|, and I23, I24, I25, I26, I21and I28 on the control drum 22 are shown in developed form.

The operation of the Morse code transmitter will be clear from the stepsinvolved in repeating the character A, the Morse code signals for theother characters being reproduced in a similar manner upon the selectionof the proper transmitting ring of one of the transmitting drums by theselector relays 9I-96. Assuming that the character A. is perforated inthe tape at the point engaged by the feeler pins connected to thecontacts of the transmitter 19, the second and third contacts of thetransmitter are actuated to close the circuits of relays 92 and 93. Uponthe energization of relays 92 and 93, a circuit is closed from batterythrough the armatures and back contact of relay 9|, the outer armatureand front contact of relay 92, the second armature and front contact ofrelay 93, the fourth armature and back contact of relay 94, the seventharmature and back contact of relay 95, the thirteenth armature and backcontact of relay 96, the conducting segments of rings I04 and I06 ofdrum I6, the winding of release magnet 36, the conducting segments ofrings I24 and E23 of control drum 22 and the armature and front contactof normally energized relay I 3! to ground whereupon the magnet 36becomes energized and releases the drum I6 for one revolution. As thedrum I6 rotates, the circuit of the magnet 36 is interrupted at the ringI06, deenergizing the release magnet, and the winding of the sounder Iis connected through the ring I to the conducting segments of the ringI04.

As the drum I6 continues to rotate, the battery potential applied to thesegments of ring I04 through the selector relays 9I-96 is connected tothe coil of the sounder I00 to form the dotspace-dash signalrepresenting the character A in Morse code. Then a circuit is closedfrom battery through the rings IOI and I02, the winding of releasemagnet 42 of the control drum 22 and the winding of relay I32 to groundwhereupon relay I32 is energized and the control drum 22 is released forone-quarter of a revolution. As the drum 22 rotates, four operationsoccur, as follows:

First, the conducting segment of the commutator ring I24 moves out ofengagement with the associated brush thereby opening the above describedstart circuit includlng the release magnet 36. Since the circuits of therelease magnets of all of the character transmitting drums are connectedin series with the contact brush of the ring I24, the circuits of all ofsaid magnets are opened thereby preventing the release of any of thecharacter transmitting drums until the control functions have beencompleted and the control drum 22 has made aquarter of a revolution tobring the next conducting segment on the ring I24 into engagement withthe associated brush.

Second, a conducting segment of the ring I28 of the tape steppingcommutator portion of the control drum 22 engages its associated brushwhereupon a circuit is established from battery through the rings I28and I21 to energize relay I33. Relay I33 becomes energized and closes acircuit from battery through its armature and front contact forenergizing the stepping magnet 80 of the tape transmitter 19. When thesegment of the ring I28 moves out of engageme t with its associatedbrush, the circuit of relay I 3 is interrupted and the stepping magnet80 is deenergized to cause the tape in the tape transmitter to bestepped ahead and to position the transmitting contacts of the tapetransmitter in accordance with the perforations in the tape whereupon anew selection is set up in the selector relays 9| to 96 of the fancircuit.

Third, the conducting segment of the ring I26 of the control drum 22engages its associated brush thereby closing a circuit from batterythrough the rings I26 and I25 for energizing relay I34. Relay I34becomes energized and closes the circuit from ground through itsarmature and front contact, winding I35 of the polar relay I 31, theright hand armature and back contact of relay 99 and the armature andback contact of relay I33 to battery. Relay I31 is provided with twoopposing windings I35 and I36 which are connected respectively to theback and front contacts of'one of the armatures of relay 99. Theoperation of the armature of the polar relay I31 therefore depends uponthe condition of relay 99, i. e., whether this relay is energized ordeenergized, for a purpose that will be explained hereinafter.

Fourth, the conducting segment of ring I26 moves out of engagement withthe associated brush, thereby opening the circuit of relay I34, and thecontrol drum 22 is brought to a stop by the stop cam 32. Anotherconducting segment of the ring I24 is now held in engagement with itsassociated brush in readiness to start the transmission of the newcharacters set up in the fan circuit by the selector relays 9I96, thereproduction of the Morse code signals for this character being effectedin the same manner as that just described.

The time lag between separate characters is fixed normally by therotation of the control drum 22. The control drum is not released untilthe character has been transmitted and therefore a short period elapsesbetween .the transmission of one character and the beginning of the nextcharacter. During the partial rotation of the control drum 22 whichoccurs in each cycle of operation, the character transmitting drum I6 orany other character drum which has been rendered operative completes itsrevolution and is stopped at its normal position by the stop cam 26.

In Morse code the character E is the shortest character, beingtransmitted by making a single dot. The character I is next, requiringtwo dots. Separate letters are normally separated by a space equal tothe length of a dash, but the letters C, O, R, Y, Z and 8:, however, arecombinations of dots and spaces. Since the space in a letter such as Ris practically the same as the normal space between letters, it isobvious that letters such as R, E, I, etc., must be spaced farther thannormal from adjacent letters to provide clearly distinguishable Morsecode. To accomplish this the short letters E, I and the space letters C,O, R, Y, Z, and & are placed on transmitting drums which allow extraspace on the contact segments before and after each letter. For example,the characters E and T are on the transmitting drum I9. Thus, although Tis transmitted as a dash and E as a single dot, the time fortransmitting the two characters is the same so as to provide additionalspacing between the character E and the preceding and succeedingcharacters. The conducting segments for the letters C, R, O, Y and Z aresimilarly positioned upon their respective transmitiii hit

till

till

aie'meo ting drums in a manner to provide additional spacing before andafter each of the characters. it will be, obvious that when two or moreof these letters appear together, the space between them is doubled sothat they are clearly distinguishable.

The spacing between words should be difierent from that between separatecharacters. In the preparation of the perforated tape for high speedtickers, the letter dot" is used to space the words of a message on thetape. This is necessary because of the fact that the ticker must print acharacter each time it steps the tape ahead and in order to step thetape away from the typewheel so that it can be read immediately, severalletter dots are perforated in the tape. It is obvious that for theletter dots perforated between the words of the message, each letter dotselection in the Morse transmitter must cause a space signal to beintroduced in the Morse to indicate a new word, but when several letterdots are inserted consecutively in the tape, it is desirable to step thetape as rapidly as possible through the tape transmitter withoutdelaying the Morse code transmission.

The letter dot selection upon being set up in the selector relays tl-iitby the tape transmitter applies positive battery to the ninth contact Loi relay it thereby closing a circuit through the right hand outerarmature and front contact oi normally energized relay ltd, theresistance it and the winding of relay lit to ground: whereupon relayiii becomes energized. Upon the energization of relay iii the circuit isclosed from battery through the left hand armature and front contact ofsaid relay, the right hand outer arma ture and baclr contact oi relayMill and the winding of release magnet ii of the control drum iiwhereupon said control drum is released and starts to rotate. en theconducting r ent of the ring iii of the control. drum it engages itsassociated brush, a circuit is closed from battery through the controlrings iii and iii, the winding of release magnet it of the control drumit and the winding of relay lit to ground, whereupon the release magnetand the relay iii becorne energized. Ii there is only one letter dot inthe perforated tape between words as described above, the time requiredfor the rotation of the word spacing commutator ii is introduced betweenthe words sent in Morse code. This time can be definitely fixed by thepositioning of "the conducting-segment of the ring Ill. When the releasemagnet it of the drum. 22 is energized, the tape transmitter 19 stepsthe tape ahead to the new selection.

ii there are several letter dots to he stepped through the tapetransmitter, the dots are stepped through as rapidly as possible withoutrepeating the release function of the control drum ii. While the firstletter dot causes the release of drums 2i and 22 as described above,relay lit becomes energized and closes a circuit from battery at theletter dot terminal L of relay it through the right. hand outer armatureand front contact of relay I38, the winding of slow release relay Mlland the armature and front contact of relay i32 to ground whereuponrelay lit becomes energized. The energization of relay Mil opens theabove described circuit of the release magnet 4I of drum 2| and closes acircuit from battery through the right hand armature and front contactof relay I39, the right hand inner armature and front contact of relayHi0, winding of release magnet 42 and he Wi d g 01 relay I82 to groundwhereupon the release magnet 42 is energized to release the control drum22. In this manner each impulse supplied by each letter dot selection inthe tape is repeated by relay I39 to release the control drum 22 causingthe tape to he stepped rapidly through the tape transmitter. When thelast letter dot has been stepped through the tape transmitter and a newcharacter selection set up in the selector relays ill to 96, the slowrelease relay I60 upon becoming deenergized opens the described circuitof the release magnet 42 and recloses the circuit of the release magnetM. It will be noted that the letter dot and the unison dot terminals Land U are connected together and to the right hand outer armature ofrelay I38 so that either selection will cause the tape to be steppedthrough the tape transmitter. The first letter dot or unison dotrecorded in the tape causes the word spacing commutator 2I to function,but succeeding letter or unison dots are stepped rapidly through thetape transmitter, This arrangement is applicable where the letter dot orthe unison dot is used as a spacer between the words of the message andif other character signals are used to space the words in the ticker,these characters should be similarly connected to operate the wordspacing control drum ii.

In the usual transmission of quotations by Morse it is the practice touse a longer spacing between groups of letters and groups oi figureswhich go to make up a quotation than between the individual words of amessage. However, in the preparation-oi the ticker transmitter tape theletter and figure characters are perforated in one continuoussuccession. The lviorse transmitter embodying the invention, however, isarranged to detect the change from letters to figures and vice versa inorder to interpose a longer spacing at the time the change occurs.Assuming that letter characters oi a. quotation are being transmitted,as the end of the last letter is being repeated by Morse transmitter therelease magnet id of the control drum it is energized as described aboveand the control drum 22 starts to rotate. An impulse is sent to relayltd which repeats itto the operating magnet til of the tape transmitter.This impulse steps the tape ahead and sets up the selectioncorresponding to the next character in the tape which is a figureinstead of a letter. The impulse through the conducting segment of thering iii operates relay I34 as described above. The relay it being inseries with relay 9| is energized whenever a figure selection is setupin the tape transmitter and is deenerglzed whenever a letter selectionis set up. Since under the assumed conditions we have just set up afigure character selection, relay 99 is energized and upon theenergization of relay I34 a circuit is closed through the armature andfront contact of relay I34 and the figures winding I38 of the polarrelay I31 whereupon the armature of the polar relay I31 is operated. Itwill be apparent that the polar relay I3'loperates in response to theenergization of relay 99 when a change is made from letters to figuresin the transmission and in response to the deenergization of relay 99when a change is made from figures to letters.

Relay I3I is normally energized through a circuit including either thefront or back contact and the left hand armature of relay 99 and thearmature and front contact of slow relay Ill, the

latter relay being energized whenever relay I3I is deenergized. Whenrelay I3I becomes energized dill it looks up through the armature andeither contact of polar relay I31 and its own armature and frontcontact. However, when relay I31 operates it momentarily interrupts thelocking circuit of relay I3I and relay I3I becomes deenergized. It willbe noted that whenever relay I3I is deenergized, the above describedstart circuit including the control rings I23 and I24 is interrupted atthe front contact and armature of relay I3I.

The energization of polar relay I31 as described above occurs while theconducting segment of the ring I26 of the control drum 22 is inengagement with its associated brush. The consequent momentarydeenergization of relay I3I closes the circuit of slow release relay I4Iwhich is adjusted to be slow to-pull up and slow to release. Upon theenergization of relay I4I the circuit through the winding of relay I3Iis reclosed, but as long as relay I3I remains deenergized, the startcircuit of the transmitter is interrupted thereby preventing the startof the transmission of the figure character set up in the tapetransmitter. In a similar manner the armature of polar relay I3! isagain operated when the transmission changes from figures to letters andat the same time relay 99 becomes deenergized so that relay I3| is againmomentarily deenergized and the proper spacing is interposed between thegroup of figures and the ensuing group of characters. The time requiredfor slow relay I4I to draw up its armature is the added time introducedbetween the groups of letters and figures of the quotation and may beadjusted as desired as, for example, by adjusting the amount of currentin the circuit of the relay and the spring tension on its armature.

The autostop contact 8I is arranged to stop the operation of the Morsetransmitter when the loop of tape between the reperforator I8 and tapetransmitter 19 is shortened to a predetermined extent unless the sectionof the transmitter tape controlling the feeler pins is in the middle ofa word or quotation, the autostop only becoming effective at the end ofa word or quotation in order to avoid mutilation of the names or amountsgiven in the message. Relay I38 is normally maintained energized througha circuit including the contact 8I. When the circuit of relay I38 isopened by the shortening of the loop of tape, the relay becomesdeenergized and opens three circuits, (1) the circuit of the tapestepper and rubout selection corresponding to contacts TS and O of therelay 96; (2) the (letters) shift spacing control circuit of relay 99;and (3) the letter dot and unison dot circuit selection corresponding tocontacts L and U of relay 96.

Thus, if either the tape stepper or rubout selections are set up in thefan circuit, the circuit of relay I42 is opened at the inner right handarmature and front contact of relay I38 until the autostop contact 8Irecloses, whereupon relay I42 becomes energized through the contactrings I23 and I24 of the control drum 22 and the armature and frontcontact of relay I3I. Upon the energization of relay I42, a circuit isclosed from battery through the armature and front contact of relay I 42for energizing release magnet 42 of the control drum 22 whereupon thestepping magnet of .the tape transmitter I9 is energized momentarily tostep the tape to the next character as described above. 1

The opening of the shift spacing control circuit I as described aboveholds the start circuit open at the contacts of relay I 3| when thelatter relay becomes deenergized between a group of figures and a groupof letters in the q o ati n fi g transmitted. The deenergization ofrelay I3I closes the circuit of relay I H but relay I4I cannot reclosethe circuit of relay I3I as described above until relay I38 againbecomes energized. The start circuit including release magnets 35, 36,31, 38, 39 and 48 is thus held open until the loop of tape is lengthenedto permit the reclosure of the autostop contact 8|. The autostop doesnot stop the Morse transmitter, however, between a group of letters anda group of figures because the circuit of relay I3I from the contact ofrelay, I4I through the left hand armature and front contact of relay 99does not include a contact of relay I38. The system may however bearranged to stop the Morse transmitter between a group of letters and agroup of figures if desired in the same manner as between a group offigures and a group of letters.

Since the letter dot and unison dot characters are perforated in thetape to step the tape out of the ticker, it is permissible to stop thetransmission by the autostop contact 8I when a letter dot or unison dotis in the transmitter I9. If relay I38 is deenergized by the actuationof the autostop contact 8|, the above described circuit of relay I39 isinterrupted at the right hand outer armature of relay I38 and thestepping of the tape ceases until the autostop contact 8| recloses.

It will be apparent, therefore, that when the autostop contact 8| opensthe circuit of relay I38, the stepping of the tape through the tapetransmitter I9 ceases if or as soon as the tape stepping, rubout, letterdot or unison dot selection occurs in the tape or if a shift is madefrom figures to letters indicating the beginning of a new quotation.Obviously the autostop may be modified in various ways to effect anydesired result in accordance with the preferred arrangement shown anddescribed.

The fan circuit shown provides for sixty-four selections of which onlypart may be used. Since an unused combination may be accidentiallyselected, means are provided to cause such a selection to step the tapeahead immediately. In the system shown, the third, thirty-third,thirtysixth, thirty-seventh, thirty-ninth, fortieth, fortysecond,forty-third, forty-sixth, fifty-ninth, sixtysecond and sixty-thirdselection terminals are unused, and these terminals are all connected tothe winding of relay I42. Thus a selection of one of these terminalscauses the energization of relay I42, whereupon a circuit is closed frombattery through the armature and front contact of relay I42 forenergizing release magnet 42 of control drum 22 which effects thestepping of the tape through the tape transmitter 19 as described above.

It will be apparent that the apparatus described may be readily modifiedto convert various equal-length or tape-recorded code signals intocorresponding code signals of different character. Among other us% ofthe Morse' transmitter may be mentioned the transmission. of Morse codeover wire or radio channels under the control of a tape or otherstorr-ge medium and the teaching of code signal ,reception to operators.

Various modifications of the system and appara tus described are,therefore, deemed to come within the scope of the invention as definedby the appended claims.

We claim:

1. A telegraph system comprising a transmitting circuit, means fortransmitting equal-length permutation character code signals over saidcircuit, means connected to said circuit for stor- :ing said signals, asecond transmitting circuit and means including said storing means iorrepeating the signals in the form of unequallength code signals oversaid second circuit with unequal spacing between characters and Words.

2. A telegraph system comprising a transmitting circuit, means fortransmitting equal-length permutation code signals over said circuit, atape reperforator connected to said circuitto record said permutationcode signals, a second transmitting circuit, a tape transmitterassociated with said reperforator and with said second circuit and meansincluding said tape transrnitter for repeating said code signals in theform of intelligible dot-and-dash code signals over said second circuitwith variable spacing between characters.

3. A telegraph system comprising a transmitting circuit, means fortransmitting equal-length permutation code signals over said circuit, atape rep'eriorator connected to said circuit, a second transmittingcircuit, a tape transmitter associated with said reperforator andconnected in said second circuit, means associated with said tapetransmitter for converting the code signals repeated by said tapetransmitter into unequallength Morse code signals in said second circuitwith variable spacing between characters and means for stepping saidtape transmitter under the control of said converting means.

i. A telegraph system comprising a transmitting circuit, means fortransmitting equal-length permutation code signals oversaid circuit, atape reperforator connected to said circuit, a second circuit, a tapetransmitter associated with said reperforator and said second circuit,an unequallength code signal transmitter .in said second circuitvariably operated by said tape transmitter and means including said lastmentioned transmitter for producing audible intelligible Morse codesignals representing the same characters as those perforated in thetape.

5. In a telegraph system, means for transmitting permutation codesignals, and means including ,a series of contacting devices forconverting said signals into audible signals in Morse code with variablespacing between characters.

6. In a telegraph system, means for recording permutation code signalsand means controlled by said signal recording means for generatingunequal-length audible Morse code signals.

7. In combination, a permutation code transmitter, a second transmittercomprising a plurality of transmitting elements each corresponding to aparticular character and means including said permtuation codetransmitter to render said elements of the second transmitter operativeone at a time in accordance with the characters to be transmitted.

3. A telegraph system comprising a signal storage unit, a transmittercontrolled thereby,

' means for storing a group or groups of characdetermined selectiveoperation of the transtter for stopping the transmitter.

iii. A telegraph system comprising a signal storage unit, a transmittercontrolled thereby, means for storing groups oi? character signals insaid storage unit and means to automatically start and stop thetransmitter only between the groups of signals. 11. in a marketquotation system, a telegrap transmitting circuit, a plurality oftickers connected to said circuit, means for transmitting equal-lengthpermutation code signals over said circuit to control said tickers andmeans connected to said circuit for converting said signals into audibleunequal-length code signals.

12. A market quotation system comprising a transmitting circuit, meansfor transmitting equal-length permutation code signals over said circuitand means connected to said circuit for reproducing said signals in theform of audible unequal-length code signals.

13. A market quotation system comprising a transmitting circuitextending to brokers offices, tickers located in certain of saidoiilces, means for transmitting equal-length permutation code signalsover said circuit to operate said tickersand means connected to, saidcircuit at one .of said offices for reproducing the quotation signals inthe form of audible Morse code signals.

14. A telegraph transmitter comprising a plurality of rotatable contactdrums, each of said drums having a plurality of contact segments adaptedto transmit code impulses of a predeter mined length and spacing, meansfor rotating said drums at different rotative speedsone at aelectro-responsive means for individually controlling the rotation ofeach of said drums by said driving means.

1'7. A telegraph transmitter comprising circuitclosing means for formingcode signals corresponding to each of a plurality of characters, meansfor controlling said circuit-closing means to send a succession of codesignals and means for varying the spacing between individual codesignals in accordance with the character thereof.

18. A telegraph transmitter comprising circuitclosing means for formingcode signals corresponding to each of a plurality of letter charactersand figure characters and means for spacing a group of letter charactersfrom a group of figure characters and for differently spacing a group ofletter 1 characters from another group of letter characters.

19. A telegraph system comprising a code signal transmitter, a tape,means for recording code signals including spacing signals onthe tape, atape transmitter controlled-by said tape, means including said tapetransmitter for controlling said code signal transmitter and meansresponsive to the occurrence of a plurality of successive spacingsignals on the tape to feed the tape through mitter is disabled.

20. A telegraph system comprising a code signal transmitter, a tape,means for recording individual groups of code signals on the tape, atape transmitter controlled by said tape, means including said tapetransmitter for controlling said code signal transmitter and meansforstopping the tape transmitter, said last-mentioned means beinginoperative until the end of a group of recorded code signals.

21. A telegraph system comprising a code signal. storage transmitter, asecond transmitter adapted to form code signals of a difierent characterfrom the first mentioned transmitter and means including said firstmentioned transmitter for controlling said second transmitter to repeatcertain of the stored signals and to disable the second transmitter inresponse to a predetermined stored signal.

22. A telegraph system comprising means for storing permutation codesignals representing intelligence characters, a transmitter controlledby said storing means to repeat the signals and means responsive to oneof said signals for stopping the transmitter.

23. A telegraph system comprising means for storing a continuous seriesof intelligence character code signals during a predetermined period ofoperation, a transmitter controlled by said storing means to repeat thesignals and means the tape transmitter while the code signaltransoperative before the ends of said series of signals but onlybetween groups of signals for stopping the transmitter.

24. In a market quotation system, means for storing a continuous seriesof permutation code signals representing letter and figure charactersforming two or more unspaced quotations, a transmitter controlledthereby to repeat said signals and means operative during said seriesonly at the end of a quotation for stopping said transmitter.

25. In a market quotation system, a transmitter, signal storage meansfor controlling said transmitter to send quotations consisting of lettercharacters and figure characters and means including said storage meansfor stopping said transmitter as the transmitter shifts to a lettercharacter from a figure character.

26. A telegraph system comprising a tape, a transmitter controlledthereby, means for recording unspaced groups of code signalsrepresenting intelligence characters on said tape and means for stoppingthe transmitter when the number of recorded signals on the tape betweenthe transmitter andthe recording means drops below a predeterminednumber, said means for stopping the transmitter being only operative atthe end of a group of recorded signals being sent by said transmitter.

PERCY L. MYER. EVAN R. WHEELER.

